Dear Peter
Quite interesting your essay - at least at the point I could follow it. And lots of common viewpoints.
Interesting to know that John Wheelers said "Never make a calculation until you know the answer". When in a research work, I have similar rule: "never use an equation unless I am able to replace it by plain text"; or, in the other words, "I always have to know more than equations".
Other important statement is "We aim for 'the scientific method' but
tend to use default response mode, so reject anything unfamiliar, which precludes advancement. Deciding truth on a who not what basis is a similar default error. Teaching only mathematical physics can't help expand capacity to 'understand'. Your "default response mode" is basically my "mind search-engine" and what you say here is exactly what I think, although I have not mentioned it in my essay because it was not about the mind.
After around section 7, I began to feel lost because of my limitations (and also my methodology). It's a pity because it seems to be very interesting, but we have to choose our fields of concern, isn't it? I am not qualified to follow your reasoning there. However, both your ideas and your writing style captured me until then.
Concerning your question about the role of gravity in promoting the ever larger connections between entities, surely it has a fundamental role; however, I would not say that its role is more important that any other - even the psychological ones, because without our social tendency the human society would not be possible.
Yet, if you want to know if there is one property responsible by all this, I would say "yes". However, that property is behind all we know - behind matter, radiation, fields. We still conceive the universe as having "particles" and a "vacuum", both with properties but being two different entities. We cannot model the universe differently. Yet, we begin to understand that particles shall be some sort of perturbation of the medium we call vacuum. We are just grasping this conception of the universe but it is only there that we can find a common cause for everything we know.
I want to thank your nice words about by essay. I am happy to know that it pleased you.
Good luck for the contest!
Alfredo