What does it mean to say that something is caused?
What caused the real-world system to exist? and What causes the real-world system to move?
To answer that, one needs to assume that the world is a self-contained, self-sufficient, standalone system, with no assistance from the outside, and that the world is the ONLY thing that has no outside.
- What caused the real-world system to exist?
I am re-framing the question as: what caused the categories, the law of nature relationships between the categories, and the numbers that apply to the categories, to exist? What caused the existence of ANY categories at all, ANY relationships at all, or ANY numbers at all? My answer is that the existence of categories, relationships and numbers can only be attributed to a creative aspect of the self-contained, self-sufficient, standalone world. A creative aspect of the world has to be assumed. This creation of the categories, relationships and numbers is a pre-physics aspect of the world.
- What causes the real-world system to move internally?
I am re-framing the question as: what causes the numbers, that apply to the categories, to move/ change/ jump? Movement in the real-world system is thought of as being initiated, at the beginning of the real-world system, when some numbers were assigned to some of the categories. In other words, a creative aspect of the self-contained, self-sufficient, standalone world actively assigned numbers to categories. This initial number assignment, together with the existing law of nature relationships, caused the first actual number movement.
Number assignment is NOT number movement. Number assignment can be compared to something outside the system intervening in the real-world system. But since we have assumed that the world is the only thing that has NO outside, this number assignment is a creative intervention that is occurring INSIDE the world.
This creative number assignment, together with the law of nature relationships, is the root cause of all number movement in the real-world system. And this type of creative, interventionary, number assignment is seemingly still occurring to this day.