The Most Beautiful Experiment of All Times by Stefan Weckbach

Stefan, thanks for the response. I don't wish to clog up your page with the discussion of entanglement and Bell's inequality issues, but I am continuing with them on my page, and hope they answer some of your questions. Of course I would be happy to answer more if you have them.

Best regards,

Edwin Eugene Klingman

Dear Sir,

Your paper is quite interesting.

While many predictions of General Relativity and Quantum Mechanics have been proved, GR has not been proved in laboratory experiments and there is no unanimity among the various versions of QM.

You say: "infinities could be no more than mathematical idealizations". Generally, infinity is used in physics as a very big number that has properties like other numbers of the number sequence. This is not correct. Number is a property of substances by which we differentiate between similars. The number sequence arises out of the mechanism of our perception: two is one plus one; three is two plus one etc. Infinity is like one: without similars, but while the dimensions of one are fully perceptible, the dimensions of infinity are not fully perceptible. Hence no mathematics is possible using infinity and renormalization is mathematically void.

The answer to the question posed by you: "if the conceptual use of infinitely changeable quantities, be them size, duration, energy or whatever, does make ontologically sense or only reveals our misunderstanding about the universe" is that change is essential for perception (without a change in the object or the background structure, no perception is possible). The universe is a closed system where every particle interacts with every other particle. Our inability to study the total dynamics leads to our misunderstanding about the universe.

Heisenberg's Uncertainty Principle has been a most misunderstood statement. Kindly read our essay on its proper interpretation. Similarly, there are alternative explanations for Young's double slit experiments and diffraction experiments. Wave and particle represent two different aspects of the same thing, but as waves and particles they are different. Wave represents the field. Particle represents the confined field. The interaction between the particle and the field appears as the force experienced by other bodies in the field. Separately, we have derived all fundamental forces of Nature from a common source. Gravity is the first force that is responsible for structure formation and stabilization. It is a composite force and not a single force. Other forces can be derived from it without GR. Soon we will publish the detailed theory.

Regards,

Basudeba.

Dear Sir,

We cannot understand why scientists have to resort to weirdness to explain physical phenomena. Confinement and Entanglement are not quantum phenomena alone, but they have macro examples also. Superposition of states arises out of the mechanism of measurement, which has been sensationalized by imputing imaginary characteristics to it.

As we have explained in our essay, every particle in the Universe is ever moving with respect to something or the other. Measurement is conducted at a designated instant called "here-now" and the result of that measurement is used at subsequent times, when the particle no longer retains those characteristics, but has temporally evolved. Thus, only its state at the said instant can be known with certainty. It's true state before and after measurement, which is not a single state, but an ever changing state, cannot be known. This unknown state, which is a composite of all possible states, is known as the superposition of states.

When two objects retain their original relationship after being physically separated, such relationship is called entanglement. Suppose someone while traveling forgot to take one of the pair of socks. The individual sock of the pair is complementary to the other. They cannot be used in isolation. If someone asks, 'which of the pairs has gone with the traveler', the answer will be unknown till someone at either end finds out by physical verification. This is a macro example of entanglement. Before the verification (measurement) was done; which one went out was not known. It could have been either one (superposition of all states). After measurement the answer is conclusively known (wave function collapses). There is no need to unnecessarily sensationalize it. The quantum entanglement can be easily explained if we examine the nature of confinement and the measure the distance up to which entanglement shows up (generally, it is not infinite, but lasts up to a maximum of a few kilo meters only).

Not only quarks, but also all particles are confined. LHC has surprised physicists / cosmologists that the early universe was a 'perfect fluid' and not an 'explosion of gases' that is the basis of all current theories. Particles are nothing but confined fluids; that is described as the primordial field. The mechanism by which this fluid is confined will be discussed separately (using simple verifiable models and without Higg's mechanism). Just like only the atoms (molecules) and their combinations exhibit definite chemical properties, only quarks are the first particles to exhibit this property of confinement. Hence if we try to break their confinement, the applied energy leads to formation of other quarks not due to uncertainty principle, but due to simple mechanism of inertia of motion and inertia of restoration (elasticity). Even within the confinement, the up quarks change to down quarks and vice versa. This property is exhibited by all particles.

Confinement requires a central stable point around which the mass (confined field) accumulates and the external limit of the confinement which gives rise to the stabilized orbits. There is space between these two positions. This gives a three fold structure. Since inside the particle, it is all fluid or locally confined fluid (sub-systems), it is unstable. If some force is applied to move a smaller portion of the fluid, it generates an equal force in the opposite direction. This is exhibited as the charge of the particle. Where this force interacts with other forces, it may become non-linear. Otherwise, it behaves linearly. The linear behavior is known as quantum entanglement. Electrons and photons are special cases of this confined fluid.

Regarding Relativity, we have proved in other posts that it is a wrong description of facts and that Einstein's mathematics is wrong. Since it is very lengthy, we are not reproducing it here. Those interested may read our post below the essay of Mr. Castel and Mr. Granet.

Regards,

basudeba.

Hi Stefan, I liked your essay very much in it's simplicity of thought. I agree that the particle/wave duality needs to be resolved in a common sense fashion. I believe that an Archimedes screw analogy does just that. What do you think?

Stefan,

I'm merely an innocent bystander, but I'd like to express few thoughts about Bell theorem tests. BTW, I'm assuming that particle-wave duality is actually an oscillation between states.

I think that the only way that the emission of a single 'particle' can be determined is through the detection of single particles in a test without 'grating'. That a particle state manifestation is emitted rather than a wave state manifestation is undetermined.

I suggest that even in quantum Bell test experiments that emitted low mass elements are propagated only in their wave states and are manifested in their particle states only on detection.

Moreover, when a 'grating' device is used to split the element, it can only be of such separation distance that a wave portion can pass through all the grating openings. I assert that's because it is a wave being split into (two) independently directed wave fronts, still representing a singular wave. Each wave front can be independently detected as a quantum particle, both still representing the original singular wave.

Thanks for your consideration,

Jim

Dear Stefan,

I enjoyed your interesting essay. One passage of particular interest was your consideration that "Fourthly, we could reason that there must be somewhat a metaphysical realm that is able to transcendent both possibilities, the digital and the analog. The latter option seems to be the most promising." This option is quite similar to the conclusion of my essay which may interest you. Both of our essays also touch on the question of the denumerability or non-denumerability of quantities in physical theories and measurements.

Regards,

Tom

Stephan,

Sorry I haven't explained clearly - I suggest that each partition of a single light wave, even of quantum emission energy, contains the identical information of original emission. There is no "new" wavefront, only independently directed wavefront extensions of the original wave 'extruded' from the grating.

If multiple particle detections are produced, by physical partitioning and extension, from a single wave emission, they should all exhibit identical characteristics without any 'spooky action'.

Speaking of spooky actions, did you intentionally refer me to the following blog entry for clarification?

"The physics sounds exciting, but the philosophy is wretched. The difference between Buddhism and monotheism is the difference between unity and unit. One is a state of connectedness and the other is a set. Multiverses are not about unity, or connectedness, they are just more sets!!!!!"

There is no need to respond further unless you intended a different blog entry.

Jim

Dear Stephan,

Ha! Thanks so much for the navigation pointers. Your intended reference was most appropriate and enlightening. I'm afraid that in my frequent sub-quantum energy state I sometimes wander a bit.

I did find this quote in wikipedia's 'Double-slit experiment' entry, 'Summary' section:

"The most baffling part of this experiment comes when only one photon at a time is fired at the barrier with both slits open. After many photons are emitted one at a time, and recorded on the same sheet of photographic film, the pattern of interference remains the same, even though each photon produces only a dot on the film. The clear implication is that for each photon, something with a wavelike nature passes simultaneously through both slits and interferes with itself so affecting the probability of its dot position.[14] (The experiment works with electrons, atoms, and even some molecules too [15].)"

ref. 14

ref. 15

I also highly recommend the section 'When observed emission by emission' which discusses how When observed emission by emission of quantum electron wave packets produce single electron detections that, accumulated over time, produce an interference pattern as if they had propagated through both slits. Most enlightening!

Thanks for your directions!

Jim

Dear Stephan,

So what I'm suggesting is that even a single quantum packet of light, emitted individually, is non-locally dispersed throughout spacetime as it self-propagates. When it encounters a two-slot obstruction, for example, it is physically partitioned, emerging from the slots as two now independently directed waveforms still representing the original emission. As they each radiate from their origin (one of the slots), they interfere with each other. Eventually, one of the concentrated waves produced by the interference of the two waves partitioned from the single wave packet originally emitted is obstructed by the detector screen, collapsing into a detected photon as the waves' momentum is materially absorbed.

Perhaps you can better explain the observational evidence? I admit I don't have enough energy to chase any more rabbits, though.

Sincerely,

Jim

Stefan, I think it fascinating that you come up with an experimental situation, the outcome of which depends on the theoretical computing power of the universe in term of effectively available bits. You may have heard that an open universe implies infinite extent of space, and it seems you refer to the particles and combinations withing the observable horizon of several billion light years. I'm not sure that the number of bits that *could* be used for such a computation means that's what would actually be done in the universe. Are those particles really used, and would our doing an experiment right now actually mesh with the potential capability of all those entities in principle? I think most QI specialists think of the computing being done by dimensions and the associated bit power of the entities actually taking part in the interaction. However, your proposal is creative and merits further inquiry. If the universe does partake of a universal wave function, the logical properties of that could well condition the scope of specific events and projects within that larger universe.

Sorry - but my failure to be clear again. I didn't clearly explain that I've now modified my assertion to better fit the data: that for each emission of a single quantum wave packet a single wave is detected.

I still assert that it is two independently directed waves being partitioned from the initial emission by the grating. The two independent partitions interfere with each other, but the product of the two emergent waves collapse to be detected as a single photon.

As I understand, this fits the evidence since the single detected photon is not aligned with either slot, as is the case with a single slot experiment: it is statistically aligned with an apparently random position within an interference pattern that eventually emerges following a large number of individual quantum packet emissions.

In other words, you are correct that a single particle is produced by each quantum emission, but its detected location is produced by the interference of independently directed waves passing through the grating.

I think this best fits the evidence.

I hope I've now explained clearly. I really appreciate your patience!

Dear Stephan,

Please excuse me for omitting the proper salutation and signature in my previous message(s) - I'm a barbarian by nature.

Sincerely,

Jim