Gravitons expand to create spacetime. They are made of quantum states for position and momentum. A black hole is just the case when there is high enough density to create an event horizon from which mass/energy cannot escape. A certain percentage of gravitons can escape from a black hole because they don't have mass/energy, they are just made of position/momentum quantum states. This is why black holes can exist.

    still you consider that the spacetime is only made of photons, if we have a deeper logic for the main origin, all is a false, imagine that these photons are just a fuel , permitting the electronagntism, the thermodnamics and heat, the fact to obeserve and their speed is constant, so we analyse just the spacetime actually with this, but imagibe that the particles of gravitations have nothing to do with this, I know that it is not easy to change a line of reasoning and that all we are persuaded and vanitious also us the humans, so steve Agnew and Jason, how can you affirm that the GR is the only one piece of puzzle and that these gravitatons hypotehtical are linked and that we must unify the GR and the quantum gravitation with this logic like if the quantum entanglement and the frequences and osccilations of these photons are the answer ? what are your proofs about the fact that the answers are there, you see well that theere are problems of renormalisation with this logic, so why you insist , the best thinkers have tried in this line of reasoning and they have not successed simply, don t loose your time but think beyond the box in consider a deeper logic and a gravitational aether and consider this Dark matter cold ,m you shall see that it acts, I know that it is difficult, it is due to this vanity, but really you shall see that in changing the distances and in respecting the newtonian mechanics, it acts because the main codes are farer and that this electronagntism is just emergent due to these photons encoded giving the bosonic fields,

    So you consider that they are photons and that they are in fact the cause of the expanding universe with different osccilations of these photons, it seems not true , the expansion is just due to a dark energy wich can be seen like a simple antigravitational spherical push from the central cosmological sphere permitting the evolution ,

    I think that the surface of the expanding graviton is a virtual photon. If it was energized, then it would be a real photon.

    Yes, I would say that the reason that dark energy is observed is because gravitons expand. Just the effect of continually adding new gravitons, expanding gravitons, is enough to cause the universe to continue to expand. It's just like how water coming out of a garden hose will cause the puddle to get bigger.

    it is a good idea, but don t forget that if these photons are not the primoridal essence, so we need a different logic superimposed to balance our standard model and the forces electronmagntic at all scales, it is like this that I see this gravitation balancing the heat ....if the cold dark matter is real, that can solve many things

    Steve,

    You use the word "vanity" in ways I had never thought possible: vanitious!!

    In my view, an expanding graviton has a volume,

    [math]vol = \frac{4}{3}\pi (ct)^3[/math]

    The volume is filled with quantum states for position and momentum.

    The surface of the expanding sphere has an area,

    [math]Area = 4pi (ct)^2[/math]

    which is the virtual photon. The Casimir effect, proven to exist, is caused by virtual photons.

    If there was any energy available to be transferred by virtual photons, it would excite a virtual photon, and have an energy,

    [math]E = h\nu[/math]

    Gravitons fill the universe with position, momentum quantum states, which we observe as spacetime geometry. There is probably some maximum amount of overlap of gravitons that has something to do with the Cosmological constant.

    When gravitons collide with particles, they can be adsorbed into the particle system and become part of the wave amplitude/wave function.

    Hi jason, yes the vanity is a big global problem and all we are vanitious , we are all persuaded but a time for all, I have explained this , now let s speak about this physics. In my model also I have equations, I know like you my foundamentals in physics , and the correlated equation, the problem is not there, we speak about the general philosophy of this universe and the real origin of this universe, what I tell is simple, we cannot affirm that these photons are the only one piece of puzzle like if a kind of God osccilated with geoentrical algebras the points or strings of an infinite heat to create the geometries, topologies, matters and fields, so you cannot affirm that these photons are the primordial essence, and so you cannot affirm that these gravitons are correct in changing their momentum, posotions or others due to different frequences, oscillations, it is this that I try to explain you, if the photons are not the main essence and that the fields are not the main origin, so all is false simply and nobody has proven these gravitons nor the fields like origin nor the points or strings like main begining at this planck scale, you can utilise all the known equations , that will not change this fact, we cannot affirm, we just have assumptions.

    There is a two-dimensional time in the universe, one time dimension comes from the collapse of the universe wavefunction, which is made up of gravitons as biphoton and the second time dimension comes from the collapse of the photon wavefunction of the atom. Attached is a sketch of this idea.

    It is true that a lot of very smart people have not figured this out yet, but the idea came from Paul Dirac's big Numbers Hypothesis. Dirac abandoned his idea because the galaxy measurements back then seemed to show that the fine-structure constant did not vary in deep space. Now, of course, there are plenty of more accurate measurements that do show variations in the fine-structure constant in deep space. So Dirac was right after all...

    Dark matter is a straightforward result of the coupling of moving star decay or radiation. I call it gravitization because it couples moving stars with a vector force just like magnetization couples moving charges with a vector force...there is no need for the dark matter fiction at all. Stars radiate complementary photon dipoles and so stars radiate biphoton gravitons as well. Graviton emission is what couples star motions in galaxy rotation and not dark matter.

    Matter-action discrete aether is therefore consistent with many unexplained observations like galaxy rotation, galaxy cluster rotation, fine-structure constant variation in deep space, pulsar decay, IPK decay, 11 year sunspot cycle, coupling of stellar variations in star clusters, and so on.

      I agree that photons are the glue that holds the universe together with exchange. Photon exchange is what binds atom charges together. What we think of as "free" photons are not actually free of their atom precursors because photon wavefunctions have have tails that never go to zero. Remember that gravity is 1e-39th of charge and so it is those "free" photon wavefunction tails that bind atoms to the universe as gravity.

      it is not only a glue, it is fuel creating the bosonic fields of our standard model and our ordinary matter, they create the electromagnetism and heat, they permit also to see and observe because without photons, there is no light and so we don t see, but forget the vanity and the fact to be persuaded that they are the only one piece of puzzle, your ideas about the gravitons are just like many an attempt to unify the GR and the quantum gravitation and like I told, it is not renormalisable, because simply we have a deeper logic for the space and the gravitation than these photons, but apprently the thinkers have difficulties to think beyond the box, we don t need lessons about the known equations, I know my foundamerntals, we need to explain the unknowns and the photons only and this GR are not sufficient, I am irritated sometimes in seeing the thinkers repeating the works of others but don t create new partitions imaginatative in thinking beyond the box, maybe they lack of general studies and cannot insert a deeper philosophy , it is odd , since when the photons are proved like the foundamental essence ?? you speak to god lol and you beleive in strings and consider an infinite heat oscillating in 1D these photons ??? it is not sufficient to reach our deep unknowns, it lacks many things, the space and the cold dark matter for me, and the vanity of thinkers shall not change this reality,

      an antivers?? from what and why ? and also , since when the shpae of the universe is like this ??? we don t know, even the BB is an assunption even if we have interesting datas with the CMB and the inflation. So let s go deeper, what is this antiverse and why ? and why this shape ? the only anti gravity that I see is this Dark matter , and why the fact to consider only photons ???? it is a common interpretation but you could go farer , think beyond the box, I am curious , what is the main cause of this universe for you, be frank, do you consider a kind of creator or not and why , develop, and what are the foundamental mathematical and physical objects at this planck scale and why , after maybe we could see better,

      and for the time, it is not a real dimension, it is just a duration correlated with the motions and rotations, the quaternions can help to encircle this time like a duration, still the problem come from an odd interpretation of the GR and the time, this time is just an irreversible parameter considering the entropy and the evolution, we cannot check it, we can just decrease our internal clocks paradoxally with the equations of einstein, but for this we must go at c and it is still for the observations and if we make this in technology we d have problems,

      I don't have a clear picture of what dark matter is at this time, so I'm ignoring it. I know what spacetime is made of, and how to store a gravitational potential energy within it. I don't need to worry about dark matter.

      you affirm things not proved like facts, the gravitons correlated with the biphoton are an assumption, so why you affirm , you could utilise the word maybe or I think that perhaps ....and after you explain but in affirming assumptions, it is not a rational deterministic comportment, I make the same for my theory , I don t affirm and I doubt and I try to prove, where have you proved your assumptions ?

      so in resume , don t affirm things not proved, make like all, try to prove by experiments or rigourous mathematical proofs and there we shall agree with you, you have not proved nor your gravitons , nor your ideas about this dark matter , like verlinde modifying this newtonian mechanics, like your ideas about this time, like saidf Feynman, I am smart enough to admit I am dumb, make the same, doubt, don t affirm assumptions and prove them,

      ps I work like all about the proof and formalisation of this quantum gravitation that I have reached, and I have considered this DM cold encoded in nuclei and a gravitation like main chief orchestra and I have a fith force even also, I have considered the Dirac large number, I have calculated and oddly it approachs the number of cosmological spheres, that is why I have considered the same number for the 3 finite series of 3D spheres coded, one space and two fuels, and I have utilised the lie groups, alg and derivatives, an intrinsic ricci flow in the main codes for the deformations, geometries and I have correlated with the clifford alg and the topological and euclidian space , more the hiopf fibrations on surfaces to rank the quasi particles andI have quantified this quantum gravitation , because simply the distances must be changed because the main gravitational codes are farer and that it is not an electromagntic force simply, the 3 main finite series of 3D spheres , with this dirac large number when they merge creates this reality, I have many assumptions that I don t affirm me, but be sure this reasoning explains the quantum gravitation at 10 exp - 67 Newton of force , we need a balance +, matter antimatter, negentropy entropy, cold heat, electromagnetism gravitation, particles antiparticles.... and we have in my model 3 aethers mainly , the luminiferous one, the gravitational one and the space without motion, so the glues are the two fuels, not only these photons, not need of biphotons and strings and gravitons,

      Expanding gravitons are intended to be the carriers of the physics constants and the "things" that make the laws of physics work. In other words, without a flow of gravitons coming from the Planck scale, the laws of physics don't exist.

      Matter-action discrete aether is therefore consistent with many unexplained observations like galaxy rotation, galaxy cluster rotation, fine-structure constant variation in deep space, pulsar decay, IPK decay, 11 year sunspot cycle, coupling of stellar variations in star clusters, and so on.

      Just saying this is false is not that useful...you should pick one measurement and give an alternative explanation...that is the way science works. Paul Dirac's Large Number Hypothesis is the origin of matter action...do you doubt Dirac?

      I agree that time emerges from a simpler reality and does not exist otherwise.

      The universe wavefunction collapse is the universe, but the wavefuction growth is the antiverse. Making the universe precursor a wavefunction leads to the outcome that there is both an antiverse as well as the universe. It is kind of a fun thing that gets rid of the big bang singularity...